The United States should NOT withdraw its troops from Afganistan in Essay

The United States should NOT withdraw its troops from Afganistan in 2014 as currently planned - Essay Example have started to believe that withdrawal of forces is necessary as the conflict has resulted in thousands of death and the figures continue to rise without any positive impact. According to the figures of June 2011, over 1500 US military officials have lost their lives and this figure does not constitute those who expired due to injuries. Several factors that need to be considered while deciding about the decision of withdrawal including return of Taliban and the outcome of the war. The entire cost of the war has been quite high and the war has been associated with the recent recession experienced by the entire world. Afghanistan itself is in very bad conditions, the infrastructure has been destroyed during the course of the war. Before exiting from Afghanistan, US needs to make sure that life is restored in Afghanistan, if the troops leave now, the probability of return of Taliban and increase in the number of terrorists is quite high. The war was led by United States and if they quit the region, other nations will follow their lead and the allied forces will lose control. On 12 February 2013, President Obama talked about withdrawal of troops from Afghanistan and the public of United States demands the same (GORDON, 2013). Withdrawing now is not a favorable option as the country is still under the threat of terrorists. If US troops leave now, the Taliban will return to nation as soon as the troops leave. This means that in future, events such as 9/11 will have a higher probability of re-occurring. Death of Osama Bin Laden does not mark the end of terrorism, as replacements of his leadership are already operational. To counter the issue, US troops need to continue fighting in Afghanistan and remain there until life is restored in Afghanistan and all terrorists are eliminated. Withdrawal of troops during 2014 without achievement of end of terrorism and restoration of life in Afghanistan will raise question regarding the entire war. Those who lost their loved ones

World Religions Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

World Religions Report - Essay Example The Jehovah’s witnesses postulated the non-existence of hell, the non-existence of the Trinity, reduced the Holy Spirit from a person to a force and believed in the mortality of the soul. Similarly they do not celebrate Christmas as they do not celebrate holidays or birthdays. According to them Jesus never commanded Christians to celebrate his birth. On the other hand, he asked his disciples to memorize or remember his death. Thus, the most important annual event for the Jehovah witness is the commemoration of Jesus’ death. They also do not believe in the Christian doctrine of Trinity, the concept of the three persons in God- the Father, Son and the Holy Spirit. To support its doctrines, the Watchtower organization (which is the author and teacher of all official Jehovahs Witness theology), has even altered the Bible to make it agree with its changing and non-Christian teachings. The lives of Jehovah’s disciples are thus governed by their understanding of the scr ipture as interpreted by the Watchtower Bible and Tract society of New York. For them Jehovah is the Supreme Being and creator of everything and Jesus is only yet another creation of this supreme entity. Even though they don’t believe Jesus to be the son of God, they believe that Jesus’ death was necessary for the atonement of the sins committed by the first man Adam. They strongly believe in the Word of God and resort to preaching as a major part of their missionary life. Thus, one finds the Jehovah witnesses moving from door to door, house to house preaching about God’s kingdom and interpreting the Bible. For them, â€Å"living by Bible principles gives purpose to life, promotes strong family ties, and develops productive and honest citizens.† (Jehovah’s Witnesses, 2004). Thus, they try to promote Bible education through preaching and the distribution of Bibles and Bible study aids. Until

Locke: Of Identity And Diversity

Locke: Of Identity And Diversity I will begin by analyzing John Lockes theory of personal identity. Locke describes personal identity in his chapter Of Identity and Diversity, where he differentiates identity into different components until he creates a more general account of identity. Locke begins by explaining how Each individual atom is the same at a time, and stays the same over time.1It is in his first few lines that Locke stresses that identity for atoms depends on their continued identical existence over time. He then makes it clear that the most important part of identity of an organism is the continuation of the same life. However, Lockes difficulty is in deciding if physical or psychological continuity was more important. It is clear that Locke rejects the idea that the identity of the human body is a necessary part of the identity of a person. Locke proves this point using his example of the soul of a prince in the body of a cobbler: For should the soul of a prince, carrying with it the consciousness of the princes past life, enter and inform the body of a cobbler, as soon as deserted by his own soul, everyone sees he would be the same person with the prince, accountable only for the princes actions; but who would say it was the same man?2 In this example Locke shows that the human body is not necessary in personal identity since you could have the same person in two different bodies. Since the physical body cannot maintain personal identity, Locke comes to the conclusion that it must be the psychological aspect of humanity that retains personal identity. 1It is at this point that the emphasis of identity is placed on the psychological rather than the physical aspect of life as stated in Lockes second book: This may show us wherein personal identity consists: not in the identity of substance, but in the identity of consciousness3 Lockes next point was to differentiate between a man and a person. He uses the example of a rational talking parrot and compares it to an organism with the same shape as a human being though; it is unable to engage in rational discourse.1 This thought experiment is used by Locke to demonstrate that rationality is not an essential part of a man. Since rational discourse was not a necessary part of man. Locke expressed identity using something else. Thus, Locke finally narrowed down the integral part of personal identity to consciousness. Lockes definition of conscious is as follows: Consciousness is both a necessary and a sufficient condition for a morally vital sense of personal identity.3 Locke describes the essence of self as being their consciousness, which he states as something distinguishable for every thinking thing. This consciousness is described as the sameness of a rational being. The unique characteristic of consciousness is that allows it to retain personal identity is that it can be extended backwards to any past action or thought. It is this characteristic that Locke uses to explain his theory of personal identity. 4Locke also disagrees with the Cartesian view of the soul, which held that a mans soul was of an entirely different essence than his body, focusing more on the connectedness of the same conscious thought. Therefore, Locke reaches the conclusion that personal identity can only be achieved through psychological continuity. As a result of this, psychological continuity relies only on the beings ability to consciously look back on their previous existence and be able to distinguish between conscious thought and memory. This distinction is extremely important to bec ause Locke is frequently ambiguous when dealing with both terms. When he refers to conscious memory, he implies that it represents the consciousness of a past experience. Conscious thought, on the other hand, involves perceiving that one perceives. Locke explains that when we will anything, we are always conscious of it. Psychological continuity, as Locke describes it, also insinuates that a person who exists at one time is indistinguishable with a person who exists at a second time only if the first person remembers some past experience that connects the second person to the second time. Therefore, Lockes definition of personal identity centers around the continuity of the consciousness, which is able to relate past and present memories and retain some sense of self awareness. Now that I have explained and given an analysis of Lockes theory of personal identity, I will now evaluate the validity of Lockes theory by proving that his account of personal identity is incorrect. Lockes arguments contain flaws from their conception. I have a great difficulty with Lockes statement of self-conscious awareness as the main constituent of personal identity since intrinsically that consciousness is available only to each unique self. Due to this dilemma, third party juries will be subject to error in many cases. In order to further explain this point, I will divide my argument into two questions; what does personal identity consist of and how can one tell a person is the same? First, since Locke defined personal identity as a persons consciousness, I will use that as my basis for this argument. Thus, since we can only tell a person through their physical aspect, it becomes impossible to distinguish if someone elses consciousness resides in the person you are looking at . An example would be if a person robbed a bank but wasnt conscious of the fact that he performed the act in the first place. According to Locke, the man should be free of all charges since he wasnt the same person who robbed the bank. This however is preposterous if in a courtroom there is evidence of that person robbing the bank, the only exception being if the person could prove they lost consciousness throughout the event. Another error found within Lockes argument centers around the fact that even though a person can switch bodies, it is the consciousness that determines the identity of the bodies. Thus it is clear that while Lockes statements seem perfectly rational in theory, practically though, they have no weight. Another flaw found in Lockes argument, is in how he leaves out particular cases where his theory of psychological continuity cannot apply. First however, I must define the distinction between person and man. Locke defines man as a living body of some particular sh ape. A person, on the other hand, is an intelligent thinking being that can know itself as itself the same thinking thing in different times and places.4An example of this would be humans who remain in vegetative conditions and show no mental faculties whatsoever. According to Lockes description of personal identity these human beings are not considered persons since nothing can be discovered from their past in order for that individual to define their psychological identity. Lockes argument between man and person becomes too controversial since the definition of both terms can never truly be settled. In conclusion, after providing examples to counterclaim Lockes argument that personal identity originates from psychological continuity it is clear that Lockes view on identity is too flawed to be correct when defining identity for each person. 1William, Uzgalis. John Locke > The Immateriality of the Soul and Personal Identity (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy). Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/locke/supplement.html (accessed October 13, 2010). 2Locke, John. Of Identity and Diversity. In Essay Concerning Human Understanding Volume Two. 1690. Reprint, Toronto: Dover Publications, 2005. 517-518. 3John, Locke. Of Identity and Diversity. In Essay Concerning Human Understanding Volume Two. 1690. Reprint, Toronto: Dover Publications, 2005. 514. 4John, Locke. Of Identity and Diversity. In Essay Concerning Human Understanding Volume Two. 1690. Reprint, Toronto: Dover Publications, 2005. 515. sBibliography Uzgalis, William. John Locke > The Immateriality of the Soul and Personal Identity (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy). Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/locke/supplement.html (accessed October 13, 2010). Locke, John. Of Identity and Diversity. In Essay Concerning Human Understanding Volume Two. 1690. Reprint, Toronto: Dover Publications, 2005. 517-518. Locke, John. Of Identity and Diversity. In Essay Concerning Human Understanding Volume Two. 1690. Reprint, Toronto: Dover Publications, 2005. 514. Locke, John. Of Identity and Diversity. In Essay Concerning Human Understanding Volume Two. 1690. Reprint, Toronto: Dover Publications, 2005. 515.

Scholarship Essay :: essays research papers

I am here Ever since I was a young kid I have always been interested in movies. My grandma, who was full of the wise the life experience left, always knew about my interest in movies. She feed my vain for the art. Even though her religion, she professed Adventist of seven-day religion, didn’t let her go to the cinema, she always found the way to took me to the cinema. She and I enjoyed watch movies. We used to sit in the darkness room, with our faces illuminated from the reflection of the light which rebooted from the screen, both absorbs in the plot of the movie which made us laughed or cried. After the movie, while we went back to her home, she started to talk about the movie. She had a particular point of view where the main story wasn’t the most important part of the movie, instead she showed me to enjoy the stories behind the main story, the movies’ details. I was fascinated with her stories about other people in the movies, the second character stories. I always, inv olved by the excitement of the moment, started to create my own movies, my own characters, my own stories, and I know now that that part of our secret visited to the cinema, were the part that she most enjoyed. Those days are part of my most values memories. The legacy that she left me is still alive. For many different circumstances I couldn’t study film before now. But I never give up about my dreams of being a film director. At the aged of nineteen I joined a theater company. It was the most near reference that I have to gain experience about how to produce a show. Cinema studies were very expensive at that time. I worked with the theater company for twenty years. During that time I fell in love, I raised my family, I learned a lot about production, acting, directing, lighting and sound. I traveled to many countries and worked and participated in many different theater festivals; Spolleto in Italy, Cadiz and Madrid in Spain, FIT England, Canada, Australia, Mexico, New York, Chicago, German and Colombia. While I was working there my major motivation was gain a lot of experience for the moment when I will make a movie. I never stop thinking about being a film director. All these ele ments have given me a very broad outlook, with varying degrees of knowledge in a range of topics. Scholarship Essay :: essays research papers I am here Ever since I was a young kid I have always been interested in movies. My grandma, who was full of the wise the life experience left, always knew about my interest in movies. She feed my vain for the art. Even though her religion, she professed Adventist of seven-day religion, didn’t let her go to the cinema, she always found the way to took me to the cinema. She and I enjoyed watch movies. We used to sit in the darkness room, with our faces illuminated from the reflection of the light which rebooted from the screen, both absorbs in the plot of the movie which made us laughed or cried. After the movie, while we went back to her home, she started to talk about the movie. She had a particular point of view where the main story wasn’t the most important part of the movie, instead she showed me to enjoy the stories behind the main story, the movies’ details. I was fascinated with her stories about other people in the movies, the second character stories. I always, inv olved by the excitement of the moment, started to create my own movies, my own characters, my own stories, and I know now that that part of our secret visited to the cinema, were the part that she most enjoyed. Those days are part of my most values memories. The legacy that she left me is still alive. For many different circumstances I couldn’t study film before now. But I never give up about my dreams of being a film director. At the aged of nineteen I joined a theater company. It was the most near reference that I have to gain experience about how to produce a show. Cinema studies were very expensive at that time. I worked with the theater company for twenty years. During that time I fell in love, I raised my family, I learned a lot about production, acting, directing, lighting and sound. I traveled to many countries and worked and participated in many different theater festivals; Spolleto in Italy, Cadiz and Madrid in Spain, FIT England, Canada, Australia, Mexico, New York, Chicago, German and Colombia. While I was working there my major motivation was gain a lot of experience for the moment when I will make a movie. I never stop thinking about being a film director. All these ele ments have given me a very broad outlook, with varying degrees of knowledge in a range of topics.

Psychology And How It Affects The System Of Referencing Essay

Cataloging is an olden time procedure that is made to arrange the collection of books within libraries. Of course, since libraries are considered to have a large collection of reading materials, arranging them into categories helps in the process of researching for the students or plain readers alone. However, this procedure of arranging the files and taking notes of the information with regards a certain book takes much time and effort from the librarians that they are already incapable of doing the primary responsibility that they should be addressing in their profession, assisting the readers. Today, the development of technology aides in libraries have created a radical change within the systems of arranging the files as well as redefined the role of librarians in completing the tasks appointed for them to finish. Technological changes are indeed good. As for this matter, the changes of the procedures taken into consideration by libraries have indeed radically changed the ways by which the librarians tried to complete their duties to their profession,. The existence of computer-based programs also made several files in the local libraries available online making it more convenient for readers to utilize. More than that, it could be noted that the digital based Operating System that is used in public libraries have made it easier for readers to find the actual resources that they need for their researches becomes highly possible and efficient for the users. Yes, the impact of technology in library activities as well as within the procedures of referencing could indeed be considered one of the most successful applications that is made and presented by today’s modern technology. Of course, with the massive overflow of informations through the publication of several reading materials, filing them up in a way that readers would have them through easier access today is beneficial. This is also true in terms of psychological referencing. IT is undeniable that both traditional and modern technological approaches make the psychological references more utilized for studies and assessment procedures for present researches. Psychology too interacts with the different approaches used today in referencing systems. Most often than not, the systems carry the fact that there are certain measures that needs consideration in terms of the acceptance of the human behavior with the referencing systems that are concerned with systematically placing references for basis of studies. Because of the utilization of technology, it is undeniable that the major sources on derived from psychological readings had primarily been improved. Both the ideas and the authors are carefully jotted down in researches with ample accuracy that the studies passed about psychology are then considered to be highly authoritative and validated in terms of sourced references. References: VICTOR HERRERO-SOLANA. (March 2006). Graphical Table of Contents for Library Collections: The Application of Universal Decimal Classification Codes to Subject Maps. Information Technology and Libraries. JOHN D. BYRUM JR. AND DAVID W. WILLIAMSON. (March 2006). Enriching Traditional Cataloging for Improved Access to Information: Library of Congress Tables of Contents Projects. Information Technology and Libraries. Library Information and Technology Association. (February 2007). Futurespeak: A Preface to Top Technology Trends in Libraries.

`As I lay Dying` by Faulkner and `Long Day’s Journey into Night` by O’Neill Essay

Family, the most important social unit, influences the thoughts and behavior of its members. When the members of a family are able to bond with each other and share their inner most feelings, it has a positive impact on the character and attitudes of the family members. But if the family members are alienated and isolated from each other, then it results in loneliness and sorrow for the family. The novel â€Å"As I Lay Dying† by William Faulkner and the play â€Å"Long Day’s Journey into Night† by Eugene O’Neill depicts families that are dealing with alienation and loneliness. In the novel â€Å"As I Lay Dying†, the members in the Bundren family react in different ways to the death of Addie Bundren, the mother. The thoughts and the views of the Bundren family members point towards their isolation from each other. The play â€Å"Long Day’s Journey into Night† focuses on the Tyrone family and the isolation of the family members from each other. As I Lay Dying In the novel â€Å"As I Lay Dying†, the author brings forth the views of the Bundren family members regarding each other. The mother in the family, Addie Bundren is on the verge of her death. Although Addie Bundren is the mother of Cash, Darl, Jewel, Dewey Dell, and Vardaman, it is Jewel that she loves the most. Addie Bundren is leading her matrimonial life with Anse Bundren but she never truly loved him. Unsatisfied by her marriage, she gets involved into an extramarital affair with her preacher, Reverend Whitfield. Jewel was the child, born out of this illicit relation, and so Addie showered more love and affection on Jewel than the other children. As Cash was Addie’s first child, she loves him too whereas she shows no affection towards her other children. Addie’s unhappy marriage influences her behavior towards her children. Addie herself is aware of her isolation from her children and her husband. She struggles to cope with her isolation, and at times attempts to make others feel of her presence. Being a school teacher, Addie beats her students to make them realize about her influence in their lives. â€Å"I would think with each blow of the switch: Now you are aware of me! Now I am something in your secret and selfish life, who have marked your blood with my own for ever and ever. † (Faulkner 170). After Addie’s death, the alienation and loneliness of the Bundren family is more evident, as each member reacts to the death in a different way. The family members are more concerned about their individual problems and conflicts than the death of Addie. â€Å"In As I Lay Dying, the various members of the Bundren family, are driven by conflicting interests and oppressive secrets that inevitably set them apart from one another. † (Cavallaro 35). Instead of thinking about themselves as a part of the family, the Bundren members are in pursuit of their personal aims. Long Day’s Journey into Night The play â€Å"Long Day’s Journey into Night† depicts the Tyrone family and the conflicts occurring among its family members. The mother in the family, Mary is addicted to morphine and the father and the two sons in the family are alcoholics. When the play opens, Mary has returned from a sanatorium where she was treated for her addiction. The youngest son in the family, Edmund is suffering from tuberculosis. As the play progresses, the family comes to know about Edmund’s disease and the fact that Mary has not yet succeeded in giving up her addiction. This leads to conflicts between the family members and brings about alienation among the Tyrone family members. The behavior of Tyrone is also one of the reasons which alienate the family members from one another. Tyrone is a frugal person who is careful about the way he spends his money. In the play there are many instances which point towards his frugality. He always insists on switching off the lights in the night, â€Å"There is no reason to have the house ablaze with electricity at this time of night, burning up money! † (O’Neil 126). The other family members blame his frugality as the reason for Mary’s condition. Mary is unable to connect with her family members, owing to her guilt. Tyrone is having strained relations with his son. As all the family members are struggling with their addictions and problems, they are incapable to bond with each other. â€Å"In O’Neil, characters are locked into their histories, unwilling or unable to push their freedom and responsibility, with horrible consequences. † (Cotkin 23). The Tyrone family members fail to identify themselves with their family. Their individual conflicts and problems cause the isolation among the family members. Conclusion Both the families in the stories â€Å"As I Lay Dying† by William Faulkner and â€Å"Long Day’s Journey into Night† by Eugene O’Neill depict families which are struggling with alienation and isolation. The members of the Bundren family in the novel â€Å"As I Lay Dying† are so engaged in their personal problems that they fail to connect with each other. Similarly, the Tyrone family members in the play â€Å"Long Day’s Journey into Night† are in conflict with each other, owing to various reasons, leading to alienation and loneliness. Works Cited Cavallaro, Dani. The Gothic Vision: Three Centuries of Horror, Terror and Fear. Continuum International Publishing Group, 2002. Cotkin, George. Existential America. JHU Press, 2005. Faulkner, William. As I Lay Dying: The Corrected Text. Vintage Books, 1990. O’Neill, Eugene. Long Day’s Journey Into Night. Yale University Press, 1956.

Arreglar Conjugation in Spanish, Translation, and Examples

Arreglar Conjugation in Spanish, Translation, and Examples The Spanish verb arreglar means to fix or to repair. It is a regular -ar verb, and is conjugated like other regular verbs, such as pelear, tratar and ayudar. This article includes arreglar conjugations in the present, past, conditional, and future indicative mood, the present and past subjunctive mood, the imperative mood, and other verb forms such as the gerund and past participle. Using the Verb Arreglar The most common use of the verb arreglar is to say to fix or to repair something. For example, arreglar la computadora (to fix the computer), arreglar el carro (to fix the car), or arreglar la refrigeradora (to fix the refrigerator). Another verb with a similar meaning is reparar (to repair). The verb arreglar can also mean to resolve or sort out a problem or issue. For example, arreglar un conflicto (to solve a conflict) or arreglar las cuentas (to settle accounts). Another use of arreglar can be to talk about organizing or tidying up a place. For example, arreglar la habitacià ³n (organize the room). Finally, when used reflexively, the verb arreglarse means to get ready or get dressed up, as in Ella se arreglà ³ antes de ir a la fiesta (She got ready before going to the party). Arreglar Present Indicative Yo arreglo I fix Yo arreglo la cama todas las maà ±anas. Tà º arreglas You fix Tà º arreglas el telà ©fono daà ±ado. Usted/à ©l/ella arregla You/he/she fixes Ella arregla la habitacià ³n para las visitas. Nosotros arreglamos We fix Nosotros arreglamos el problema con el jefe. Vosotros arreglis Youfix Vosotros arreglis el florero roto. Ustedes/ellos/ellas arreglan You/they fix Ellos arreglan la motocicleta averiada. Arreglar Preterite Indicative The preterite tense is one of two past tenses in Spanish. The preterit is used to describe completed actions in the past. Yo arreglà © I fixed Yo arreglà © la cama todas las maà ±anas. Tà º arreglaste You fixed Tà º arreglaste el telà ©fono daà ±ado. Usted/à ©l/ella arreglà ³ You/he/she fixed Ella arreglà ³ la habitacià ³n para las visitas. Nosotros arreglamos We fixed Nosotros arreglamos el problema con el jefe. Vosotros arreglasteis Youfixed Vosotros arreglasteis el florero roto. Ustedes/ellos/ellas arreglaron You/they fixed Ellos arreglaron la motocicleta averiada. Arreglar Imperfect Indicative The imperfect tense is another form of the past tense in Spanish. The imperfect is used to talk about ongoing or repeated actions in the past. It can be translated to English as was fixing or used to fix. Yo arreglaba I used to fix Yo arreglaba la cama todas las maà ±anas. Tà º arreglabas Youused to fix Tà º arreglabas el telà ©fono daà ±ado. Usted/à ©l/ella arreglaba You/he/she used to fix Ella arreglaba la habitacià ³n para las visitas. Nosotros arreglbamos We used to fix Nosotros arreglbamos el problema con el jefe. Vosotros arreglabais Youused to fix Vosotros arreglabais el florero roto. Ustedes/ellos/ellas arreglaban You/they used to fix Ellos arreglaban la motocicleta averiada. Arreglar Future Indicative To conjugate the future tense, start with the infinitive (arreglar) and then add the future endings (à ©, s, , emos, à ©is, n). Yo arreglarà © I will fix Yo arreglarà © la cama todas las maà ±anas. Tà º arreglars Youwill fix Tà º arreglars el telà ©fono daà ±ado. Usted/à ©l/ella arreglar You/he/she will fix Ella arreglarla habitacià ³n para las visitas. Nosotros arreglaremos We will fix Nosotros arreglaremos el problema con el jefe. Vosotros arreglarà ©is Youwill fix Vosotros arreglarà ©is el florero roto. Ustedes/ellos/ellas arreglarn You/they will fix Ellos arreglarn la motocicleta averiada. Arreglar Periphrastic  Future Indicative   To conjugate the periphrastic future, use the present indicative conjugation of the verb ir (to go), the preposition a, and the infinitive arreglar. Yo voy a arreglar I am going to fix Yo voya arreglar la cama todas las maà ±anas. Tà º vasa arreglar Youaregoing tofix Tà º vasa arreglar el telà ©fono daà ±ado. Usted/à ©l/ella vaa arreglar You/he/she isgoing tofix Ella vaa arreglar la habitacià ³n para las visitas. Nosotros vamosa arreglar We aregoing tofix Nosotros vamosa arreglar el problema con el jefe. Vosotros vaisa arreglar Youaregoing tofix Vosotros vaisa arreglar el florero roto. Ustedes/ellos/ellas vana arreglar You/they aregoing tofix Ellos vana arreglar la motocicleta averiada. Arreglar Present Progressive/Gerund Form The gerund or present participle can be used as an adverb or to form progressive verb forms like the present progressive. Present Progressive ofArreglar est arreglando Is fixing Ella est arreglando la habitacià ³n para las visitas. Arreglar Past Participle The past participle can be used as an adjective or to form perfect tenses like the present perfect. Present Perfect of Arreglar ha arreglado Has fixed Ella ha arreglado la habitacià ³n para las visitas. Arreglar Conditional Indicative The conditional tense is used to talk about possibilities. It is usually translated to English as would verb. Yo arreglarà ­a I would fix Yo arreglarà ­a la cama todas las maà ±anas si me diera tiempo. Tà º arreglarà ­as Youwould fix Tà º arreglarà ­as el telà ©fono daà ±ado si supieras cà ³mo hacerlo. Usted/à ©l/ella arreglarà ­a You/he/she would fix Ella arreglarà ­ala habitacià ³n para las visitas si vinieran pronto. Nosotros arreglarà ­amos We would fix Nosotros arreglarà ­amos el problema con el jefe, pero es muy complicado. Vosotros arreglarà ­ais Youwould fix Vosotros arreglarà ­ais el florero roto si tuvieras pegamento. Ustedes/ellos/ellas arreglarà ­an You/they would fix Ellos arreglarà ­an la motocicleta averiada, pero no son mecnicos. Arreglar Present Subjunctive The present subjunctive is used in sentences with two clauses. The subjunctive is used in the secondary clause when there is an expression of desire, doubt, denial, emotion, negation, conditions, possibilities, or other subjective situations. Que yo arregle That I fix Mi madre quiere que yo arregle la cama todas las maà ±anas. Que tà º arregles That you fix El jefe pide que tà º arregles el telà ©fono daà ±ado. Que usted/à ©l/ella arregle That you/he/she fix La patrona espera que ella arregle la habitacià ³n para las visitas. Que nosotros arreglemos That we fix El colega quiere que nosotros arreglemos el problema con el jefe. Que vosotros arreglà ©is That you fix La abuela necesita que vosotros arreglà ©is el florero roto. Que ustedes/ellos/ellas arreglen That you/they fix El chico quiere que ellos arreglen la motocicleta averiada. Arreglar Imperfect Subjunctive There are two different ways to conjugate the imperfect subjunctive. Option 1 Que yo arreglara That I fixed Mi madre querà ­a que yo arreglara la cama todas las maà ±anas. Que tà º arreglaras That you fixed El jefe pedà ­a que tà º arreglaras el telà ©fono daà ±ado. Que usted/à ©l/ella arreglara That you/he/she fixed La patrona esperaba que ella arreglara la habitacià ³n para las visitas. Que nosotros arreglramos That we fixed El colega querà ­a que nosotros arreglramosel problema con el jefe. Que vosotros arreglarais That you fixed La abuela necesitaba que vosotros arreglarais el florero roto. Que ustedes/ellos/ellas arreglaran That you/they fixed El chico querà ­a que ellos arreglaran la motocicleta averiada. Option 2 Que yo arreglase That I fixed Mi madre querà ­a que yo arreglase la cama todas las maà ±anas. Que tà º arreglases That you fixed El jefe pedà ­a que tà º arreglases el telà ©fono daà ±ado. Que usted/à ©l/ella arreglase That you/he/she fixed La patrona esperaba que ella arreglase la habitacià ³n para las visitas. Que nosotros arreglsemos That we fixed El colega querà ­a que nosotros arreglsemosel problema con el jefe. Que vosotros arreglaseis That you fixed La abuela necesitaba que vosotros arreglaseis el florero roto. Que ustedes/ellos/ellas arreglasen That you/they fixed El chico querà ­a que ellos arreglasen la motocicleta averiada. Arreglar Imperative To give orders or commands you need the imperative mood. Conjugations are slightly different for the positive and negative commands. Positive Commands Tà º arregla Fix!  ¡Arregla el telà ©fono daà ±ado! Usted arregle Fix!  ¡Arregle la habitacià ³n para las visitas! Nosotros arreglemos Let's fix!  ¡Arreglemos el problema con el jefe! Vosotros arreglad Fix!  ¡Arreglad el florero roto! Ustedes arreglen Fix!  ¡Arreglen la motocicleta averiada! Negative Commands Tà º no arregles Don't fix!  ¡No arregles el telà ©fono daà ±ado! Usted no arregle Don't fix!  ¡No arregle la habitacià ³n para las visitas! Nosotros no arreglemos Let's not fix!  ¡No arreglemos el problema con el jefe! Vosotros no arreglà ©is Don't fix!  ¡No arreglà ©is el florero roto! Ustedes no arreglen Don't fix!  ¡No arreglen la motocicleta averiada!

Writing Descriptions for a Patent Application

Writing Descriptions for a Patent Application The description, together with the claims, is often referred to as the specification. As this word suggests, these are the sections of the patent application where you specify what your machine or process is and how it differs from previous patents and technology. The description starts off with general background information and progresses to more and more detailed information about your machine or process and its parts. By starting with an overview and continuing with increasing levels of detail you guide the reader to a full description of your intellectual property. You must write a complete and thorough description as you cannot add any new information to your patent application once it is filed. If you are required by the patent examiner to make any changes, you can only make changes to the subject matter of your invention that could be reasonably inferred from the original drawings and description. Professional help may be of benefit to ensure maximum protection for your intellectual property. Be careful not to add any misleading information or omit relevant items. Although your drawings are not part of the description (drawings are on separate pages) you should refer to them to explain your machine or process. Where appropriate, include chemical and mathematical formulae in the description. Examples - Looking at Other Patents Helps You With Yours Consider this example of a description of a collapsible tent frame. The applicant begins by giving background information and quoting previous similar patents. The section then continues with a summary of the invention which provides a general description of the tent frame. Following this is a listing of the figures and a detailed description of each element of the tent frame. The description of this patent for an electrical connector is divided into the description of the background of the invention (including the field of the invention and prior art), a summary of the invention, a brief description of the drawings {bottom of page}, and a detailed description of the electrical connector. How to Write the Description Below are some how-to instructions and tips to help get you started writing the description of your invention. When you are satisfied with the description you can begin the claims section of a patent application. Remember that the description and claims are the bulk of your written patent application. When writing the description, use the following order, unless you can describe your invention better or more economically in another way. The order is: TitleTechnical fieldBackground information and prior artDescription of how your invention addresses a technical problemList of figuresA detailed description of your inventionOne example of intended useA ​sequence listing  (if relevant) To begin, it might be helpful to just jot down brief notes and points to cover from each of the above headings. As you polish your description into its final form, you can use the outline suggested below. Begin on a new page by stating the title of your invention. Make it short, precise and specific. For example, if your invention is a compound, say Carbon tetrachloride not Compound. Avoid calling the invention after yourself or using the words new or improved. Aim to give it a title that can be found by people using a few keywords during a patent searching.Write a broad statement that gives the technical field related to your invention.Continue by offering background information that people will need to: understand, search for, or examine, your invention.Discuss the problems that inventors have faced in this area and how they have attempted to solve them. This is often called giving the prior art. The prior art is the published body of knowledge that relates to your invention. It is at this point that applicants frequently quote previous similar patents.State in general terms how your invention solves one or several of these problems. What you are trying to show is how your invention is new and different. List the drawings giving the figure number and a brief description of what the drawings illustrate. Remember to refer to drawings throughout the detailed description and to use the same reference numbers for each element.Describe your intellectual property in detail. For an apparatus or product, describe each part, how they fit together and how they work together. For a process, describe each step, what you start with, what you need to do to make the change, and the end result. For a compound include the chemical formula, the structure and the process which could be used to make the compound. You need to make the description fit all the possible alternatives that relate to your invention. If a part can be made out of several different materials, say so. You should aim to describe each part in sufficient detail so that someone could reproduce at least one version of your invention.Give an example of an intended use for your invention. You should also include any warnings of commonly u sed in the field that would be necessary to avert failure. If relevant to your type of invention, provide the sequence listing of your compound. The sequence is part of the description and is not included in any drawings. One of the best ways to understand how to write a patent for your type of invention is to take a look at already issued patents. Visit the USPTO online and do a search for patents issued for similar inventions to yours.

The Story of the Greek Titan Atlas

The Story of the Greek Titan Atlas The expression to carry the weight of the world on ones shoulders comes from the Greek myth of Atlas, who was one of the second generation of the Titans, the oldest gods of Greek mythology. However, Atlas did not actually carry the weight of the world; instead, he carried the celestial sphere (the sky). The Earth and celestial sphere are both spherical in shape, which may account for the confusion. Atlas in Greek Mythology Atlas was one of four sons of the Titan Iapoetos and the Okeanid Klymene: his brothers were Prometheus, Epimetheus, and Menoitios. The earliest of the traditions say simply that it was Atlass responsibility to hold up the sky. Later reports say that as one of the Titans, Atlas and his brother Menoitios took part in the Titanomachy, a war between the Titans and their offspring the Olympians. Fighting against the Titans were Olympians Zeus, Prometheus, and Hades. When the Olympians won the war, they punished their enemies. Menoitios was sent to Tartarus in the underworld. Atlas, however, was condemned to stand at the western edge of the Earth and hold the sky on his shoulders. Holding Up the Sky Different sources vary in their descriptions of how Atlas held up the sky. In Hesiods Theogony, Atlas stands at the western edge of the earth near the Hesperides, supporting the sky on his head and hands. The Odyssey describes Atlas standing in the sea holding the pillars that keep the earth and sky apart- in this version, he is the father of Calypso. Herodotus was the first to suggest that the sky rested atop Mount Atlas in the western part of northern Africa, and later traditions still report that Atlas was a man who metamorphosed into the mountain. The Story of Atlas and Hercules Perhaps the most famous myth involving Atlas is his role in one of the celebrated twelve labors of Hercules, and the main version is found in Apollodorus of Athenss Library. In this legend, Hercules was required by Eurystheus to fetch the golden apples from the fabled gardens of the Hesperides, which were sacred to  Hera  and guarded by the fearsome hundred-headed dragon Ladon. Following the advice of Prometheus, Hercules asked Atlas (in some versions the father of the Hesperides) to get him the apples while he, with the help of  Athena, took the sky onto his own shoulders for a while, giving the Titan a welcome respite. Perhaps understandably, when returning with the golden apples, Atlas was reluctant to resume the burden of carrying the sky. However, the wily Hercules tricked the god into swapping places temporarily while the hero got himself some cushions to more easily bear the tremendous weight. Of course, as soon as Atlas was back holding the heavens, Hercules with his golden booty, hot-footed back to  Mycenae. Sources Hard, Robin. The Routledge Handbook of Greek Mythology. London: Routledge, 2003. Print.Smith, William, and G.E. Marindon, eds. Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology. London: John Murray, 1904. Print.

BUSINESS STRATEGY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

BUSINESS STRATEGY - Essay Example Based on this analysis, the company’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats are determined. The next step in business strategy is to make a customer analysis. This would reveal the changes and tastes and preferences of customers. It would also reveal the changing demographics which would consequently determine the company’s strategies. It would also reveal the customer’s perceptions regarding the services of the company. The customer analysis would determine the price strategies for the company. The competitive analysis would provide insight into the competitors’ weaknesses and strengths. Firms practicing an advanced and systematic competitive profiling remain at an advantage of knowing the competitor’s background, products, finances, facilities, products, markets and strategies. This would give an idea of the expected moves that the competitors would take. Based on this, the company would design its own strategies to have an extra edge o ver its customers. An internal analysis makes an analysis of the internal environment for the formulation of appropriate strategies. In this regard, the value chain analysis gives highlights on the main and the supportive activities which would add value to the company. The resource based view analyses the competencies and resources of the firm. The firm’s performance would depend on the distinctive capabilities. The company must also make a thorough analysis of its financial position. This allows proper management and reduction of costs associated. It is seen that the operating costs of British Airlines have increased steadily with the rise in fuel prices (BBC News-a, 2011). Financial assessments would also allow the company to undertake other cost cutting strategies like employee downsizing, compensation structure of employees, or other operations costs. The financial position would determine whether the company would be to withstand sudden shocks and the measures to be tak en during such times. Answer to question 2: The British Airways considers the importance of working closely with stakeholders. It is important to make the stakeholder’s analysis to ensure their interests are met. More so because the organisation’ policies and actions affect the people who have direct stake in the company. It is also important that they provide their views, opinions and suggestions which would allow giving shape to the organisation fight from the stage of infancy. The existence of powerful stakeholders provides support for the company. This allows greater possibility of attainment of success for the company. The first step in stakeholder’s analysis would be to identify the key stakeholders as well as the business interest associated with them. For example, the British Airways’ approach towards the implementation of corporate social responsibility is influenced by the fact that the airline generates major economic and social benefits. At th e same time it also has significant environmental impacts and on the communities surrounding the airport (CBI, 2006, p.1). Following this, the company would

OCA2 Gene - Hair Color Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

OCA2 Gene - Hair Color - Essay Example I will analyze the Oculocutaneous Albinism gene type 2 (OCA2) and its effect on color change of the hair and how different individuals of diverse ethnic backgrounds are affected. Oculocutaneous Albinism Type II and Hair Color Changes Identification of OCA2 may have the following implications on a child or individual: A change in the color of the hair or an elevated color levels in hair, the iris is normally translucent, dancing eyes that may lead to impaired vision, or a general eye complication that makes it difficult to have a normal vision. OCA is normally diagnosed in a child or an adult with poor vision or reduced visual contact. In addition, these individuals often have a change in skin complexion and a different hair color that is considered not normal. In dark skinned affected individuals, it is easier to identify OCA2 because the skin may lighten and the color of the hair changed. In light-skinned individuals however, it may be more difficult; hence, there is need to conside r the other symptoms like a change in iris color. Albinism does not discriminate and affects all races. Our case type 2 is mostly evident in individuals in African and African American population. It however affects both male and female sexes with it being more evident in male persons female because albinism is sex linked. Albinism is often more evident in individuals during childhood stage where the characteristics mostly witnessed are a change in skin pigments and a change in hair color (Peracha). Individuals having Oculocutaneous albinism because of mutation in the OCA2 gene often depict traits of blond, light brown or light yellow hair. There is often reduced coloring in the skin, hair and the eyes sometimes impaired vision. The key cause of these traits is always a reduction in the production of melanin that is responsible for the normalcy in the color of these components. Several mutations exist in individuals with OCA2, some of which I have listed above. The commonly found mu tation is the complete absence of the gene responsible for normal coloring. This is usually evident among occupants in sub- Saharan Africa where extreme cases of albinism are witnessed, among African Americans and in Native Americans. These genes are inherited from our parents and mostly are not noticeable in the carrier parents until passed on to the children where they are now more evident. In OCA2, individuals from European Ethnic origin often experience a light yellow color change often evident during birth. In some cases, the hair may have white pigments and may darken with time. This group of Oculocutaneous albinism normally shows much lighter symptoms as compared to the first group. Caucasians with OCA2 have red hair in place of blonde while in most Africans and African Americans, the hair color is light brown complemented by light skin. In another instance, individuals from Asian and northern European origins are found to have a normal skin and hair complexion and only stand out when they are compared to their family members. Their skin complexion is normally lighter when compared to that of individual members of their family who are unaffected. It is evident that the skin color in OCA2 is not as affected as the one in Oculocutaneous albino group one that has a very sharp distinction in pigment alteration. This is evidence that the melanocytes in this

Case Study of Competition in Video Game Consoles Essay

Case Study of Competition in Video Game Consoles - Essay Example The early video games were simple and were not backed by sophisticated technology. In the current times, technology driven powerful consoles, pricing, wide variety in games and portability across different platforms are key elements that give leverage to the company. Indeed, though pricing of game units and games is hugely important, it is observed that advancing technology has increasingly played vital role in attracting the gamers. The next generation consoles, Xbox and Xbox 360, launched by Microsoft, have been leading game systems which have given tough competition to Sony’s PSP and PS2 systems and Nintendo’s Wii. Technology has emerged as important factor that provides gamers with unique experience and intrigues them as well as helps them to exploit their capabilities as gamers. The variety in games and appealing game titles constantly attract existing gamers as well as new ones and provide them with new ways to test their skills. Thus, firms which can provide the market with wide varieties in games that are backed by technology and relatively low cost would help become market leader in the video game industry. Answer 2 There are four chief drivers that are changing the dynamics of video games industry: demography: console technology; mobile gaming and online gaming. The first one is the widening database of gamers which have cut across age and gender. ... The next generation technology is important as fast processors, high-resolution screens and sound effect provide the gamers with high-end experience. The increasing popularity of handheld gaming devices like PSP has inspired the industry to introduce sophisticated games in the mobiles. Moreover the expanding database of mobile users is crucial factor that could provide the firms with competitive advantage in the industry. Thus, leading game providers are forging network relationships with mobile manufacturers and using the platform to maintain their leverage in the industry. The last but not the least important is the use of internet in gaming devices. The users are able to download new games and movies that significantly cuts cost of going to the market and buying games. Most importantly, use of wi-fi in the gaming devices greatly facilitates mobility and helps users to access new games even when they are outside their house. Answer 3 Microsoft, Sony and Nintendo are three big compa nies in the field of video games in US. Microsoft has been a leadership company in the area of computing and home entertainment. It has exploited its technology expertise to develop video games that would enhance user experience. The company has also used extensive marketing, especially viral marketing to advertise its video games consoles and video games. It has also tried to ensure that its first mover advantage is maintained by constantly improving its technology and giving more variety in games. Sony has used its market leadership in audio-video products, communication and IT based products to introduce video games and capture significant market share of the industry.

Groups and Teams Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Groups and Teams - Essay Example The study of groups and group dynamics plays a very important part in the study of organizational behavior. Groups are a common feature in most organizational settings. (Group Dynamics, n.d.) It has been observed that groups are most productive when an assignment entails the requirement of multiple skills, experiences and decision making abilities. They are able to assemble quickly, take decisions and if the need arises then they can disperse and move on to another task. As compared to individuals, groups have a lot of enthusiasm to complete the job. Groups are responsible for completing most of the work in an organization. Thus it would not be incorrect to say that the success of an organization depends largely on the effectiveness of its groups. (Group Dynamics, n.d.) Group work helps to explore and express varied ideas and suggestions of the group members in a cooperative way. Working in groups involves mutual support. A group can be successful only if all the members believe in the culture of shared commitment. Group work is not about competing with the peers. It involves using the range of resources available in the group to deepen their understanding and extending their knowledge to their collective advantage. (Working in groups,n.d.) Groups are generally classified as formal or informal groups. ... Anybody can become a part of the informal group. Friendship groups, reference groups and interest groups are all informal groups. Even though the informal groups are not formed to achieve organizational goals they can have a strong positive or negative influence on the working of an organization. For example, they can either talk about how to develop a production method or how to create shortcuts that would eventually endanger quality. (Group Dynamics, n.d.) Good team behavior requires development and supervising. It is imperative to ascertain the appropriate role of each member within a group. Meredith Belbin from the Industrial Training Research Unit at Cambridge developed a model of how teams work. Beblin identified a number of roles for each member of a group. The chart below displays all the team roles and the corresponding behaviors. In order to use the chart effectively one has to identify his/her current role and use this awareness to make his/her behavior efficient and effective. (Working in groups,n.d.) The Role Description Behaviour PLANT A source of good ideas for the group. Intellectually dominant & imaginative but introverted. Contributing ideas RESOURCE INVESTIGATOR Popular, sociable, extrovert & relaxed. A source of new contacts but not an originator Introduces ideas from outside. Negotiator SHAPER Extrovert & passionate about the task. Highly strung & dominant Shaping roles/ objectives. Pushing group towards agreement. MONITOR EVALUATOR Analytically intelligent. Dissects ideas/ spots flaws. Possibly aloof Analyses situations & contributions of others COORDINATOR Balanced, disciplined& good at working through others. Presides/ coordinates States objectives, establishes roles, sums up achievements IMPLEMENTER Practical organizer, schedules/ plans

DB 4-2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

DB 4-2 - Essay Example Among these small and big firms H&R Block is the largest firm filing over 21 million tax returns in the year of 2008. Next to them is Jackson-Hewitt filing approximately 3 million returns. The factor which is unavoidably making this industry lucrative is that practically each and every working household of U.S. has to file annual tax return. This helps to create a stable stream of revenue for these tax preparing firms. This industry is almost free from the effect of economic environment and it is a low capital investment business. Another factor which catalyzed the performance of the company named H&R Block was the Refund Anticipation Loans (RALs). These short-term loans enabled the tax-payers to get immediate cash which they used to repay during the time of tax refund. The interest calculated on the RAL is very steep, the annual interest rate ranges from 50-300% (Has The Tax Preparation Industry Lost its Luster?, 2010). A fair part of the interest paid by the tax-payers used to be e arnings of the company. It indirectly enabled the tax preparing firms to earn huge revenues. These two are the prime factors which helped these two companies to thrive. In U.S. tax preparing industry is drastically changing due to intrusion of technology. Software products namely, Intuit’s Turbo Tax were released in the U.S. market and it is creating a dent in the revenues of traditional tax preparing firms. It enables the users to prepare their tax by combination of e-filing option from the IRS. The electronic tax filing grown drastically and about 31 million returns were filed through this technology; it is 24% of the total volume of tax filers. The most important fact is that still H&R Block does not have e-filing option due to absence of tax filing software. This is affecting their revenues as most of their customers are filing their taxes by themselves through this e-filing process. This technology helped to decrease the perceived value of the

Near and Middle East ( Martyrdom is nothing without remembrance and Essay

Near and Middle East ( Martyrdom is nothing without remembrance and without the cultural industry that keeps the martyr alive after death. Discuss.) - Essay Example The custom is that martyrdom carries with it the diverse cultural diligence as this keeps the martyr alive even after his demise. Unlike the other cultures around the globe, the history of the Middle East goes back to the ancient times (Verkaaik, 2004, P. 138). All along, the Near East has rocked the world affairs through its unprecedented political and religious affiliations. Discussion of its ancient history puts the name ‘Near East’ at the center stage. This is the reason as to why there is the historical origin of major world religions such as Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. The first and the latter have famed for the rite of the martyrdom and they see to it that reminisce is part of their culture (Varzi & Roxann, 2006, P.70). In this modern times, the Middle region/East or the Near East, remains a strategically, politically, culturally, economically and the religiously sensitive zone. First, martyrdom was a transition. A look back to history states that the transition from revolutionary zeal to war fanaticism came as a smooth phase. For example, a telecast broadcast in 1981 at Tehran University served to put this ideology of martyrdom a great stance (Moallem, 2005, P. 108). The speaker whom by history goes down as the martyr of the said creed, Hashemi Rafsanjani, publicly asserted that the public begged to become a shahids. As per his words, he said that the public cries, it sheds tears and implore their commanders to, at least, take them along on the nightly operations in order to become a shahid (Talebi, 2012, P.134). This creed on a nation broadcast, with millions of people listening came an awakening call as to how sacrificing for the name of religion, Islamic in particular, could measure as an incitement to the other religions with different affiliations. In the view of this nation, this religious understanding of Hashemi, theirs was not a radicalization cal l; it was simply a cry to sacrifice for their remembrance of holy Allah. To them, this

DB 4-2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

DB 4-2 - Essay Example Among these small and big firms H&R Block is the largest firm filing over 21 million tax returns in the year of 2008. Next to them is Jackson-Hewitt filing approximately 3 million returns. The factor which is unavoidably making this industry lucrative is that practically each and every working household of U.S. has to file annual tax return. This helps to create a stable stream of revenue for these tax preparing firms. This industry is almost free from the effect of economic environment and it is a low capital investment business. Another factor which catalyzed the performance of the company named H&R Block was the Refund Anticipation Loans (RALs). These short-term loans enabled the tax-payers to get immediate cash which they used to repay during the time of tax refund. The interest calculated on the RAL is very steep, the annual interest rate ranges from 50-300% (Has The Tax Preparation Industry Lost its Luster?, 2010). A fair part of the interest paid by the tax-payers used to be e arnings of the company. It indirectly enabled the tax preparing firms to earn huge revenues. These two are the prime factors which helped these two companies to thrive. In U.S. tax preparing industry is drastically changing due to intrusion of technology. Software products namely, Intuit’s Turbo Tax were released in the U.S. market and it is creating a dent in the revenues of traditional tax preparing firms. It enables the users to prepare their tax by combination of e-filing option from the IRS. The electronic tax filing grown drastically and about 31 million returns were filed through this technology; it is 24% of the total volume of tax filers. The most important fact is that still H&R Block does not have e-filing option due to absence of tax filing software. This is affecting their revenues as most of their customers are filing their taxes by themselves through this e-filing process. This technology helped to decrease the perceived value of the

Engagement Letter Apollo Case Essay Example for Free

Engagement Letter Apollo Case Essay Anderson, Olds and Watershed (AOW) will audit the balance sheet of Apollo Shoes as of December 31, 2011 and the related statements of income, retained earnings and cash flows for the year then ended. Our audit will be conducted in accordance with the Standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB). Our audit will include examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used ad significant judgments and estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. An audit includes obtaining an understanding of internal control sufficient to plan the audit, including making risk assessments, and to determine the nature and extent of audit procedures to be performed. An audit is not designed to provide assurance on internal control or to identify control deficiencies. However, we are responsible for communicating to the Board of Directors of Apollo Shoes significant deficiencies and material weakness in internal control that come to our attention during the course of our audit. AOW is required to obtain reasonable assurance that the financial statements are free from material misstatements, whether caused by error or fraud. However the audit does not guarantee the accuracy of the financial statements. Even though the audit is properly planned and performed in accordance with the PCAOB standards, an unavoidable risk exists that some material misstatements may not be detected due to inherent limitations of an audit, together with the inherent limitations of internal control. Consequently, our audit is not designed to detect errors or fraud that is immaterial to the financial statements. At your request, but pending approval by your Board of Directors, we will prepare all required federal tax returns and the state franchise tax returns. We will also provide your staff with a list of schedules needed by our staff during the audit. The delivery dates have been discussed and mutually agreed upon. We understand that your staff will prepare all schedules in the package, all financial statements and notes thereto, and the Form 10-K for our review. The scope of our services however, does not include preparation of any of these statements. GA-1.2 Fees Our billing for services set forth in this Engagement Letter, which we have estimated will total $750,000 discussed with you on October 18, 2011. For the services rendered the due date of the audit report will be February 15, 2012. Matters that can cause work in excess of fee estimate We want you to receive the maximum value for our professional services and to perceive that our fees are reasonable and fair. The following matters explain what issues arise most frequently: Changing requirements Although we attempt to plan our work to anticipate the requirements that will affect our engagement, three types of situations make this difficult. Sometimes, these new requirements are not communicated in time for us to anticipate their effects in our preliminary planning. Secondly, in spite of our anticipation and planning, the work necessary to comply with new requirements may be underestimated. Finally, in some instances, you may decide that it is advantageous to you to have them applied immediately. Incorrect accounting applications or error in your records We generally form our fee estimates on the expectation that your accounting records are in good order so that our work can be completed based upon our normal testing and other procedures. Should we find numerous errors, incomplete records or disorganized bookkeeping methods, we will have to do additional work to determine the necessary corrections have been made and properly reflected in the financial statements. Lack of audit facilitation or timely preparation To minimize your costs, we plan the means by which your personnel can facilitate the audit (e.g., what schedule they will prepare, how to prepare them, the supporting documents that need to be provided). We also discuss matters such as availability of your key personnel, deadlines and working conditions. Therefore, if your personnel are unable, for whatever reason, to provide these materials on a timely basis, it may substantially increase the work we must do to complete the engagement within the established deadlines. Unforeseen events Even though we communicate frequently with clients and plan our engagement with management and their staff, unforeseen events can occur. Examples include the following: accounting problems, litigation, changes in your business or business environment, contractual or other difficulties with suppliers, third-party service providers, or customers, etc. when those circumstances occur, additional time is needed to provide you with assistance and complete our engagement in accordance with professional standards. GA-1.3 Authorization This Engagement Letter sets forth the entire understanding between Apollo Shoes and Anderson, Olds and Watershed regarding the services described therein. Please confirm your acceptance of this Engagement Letter by signing below and returning one copy to us in the enclosed self-addressed envelope. We appreciate the opportunity to continue to work with Apollo Shoes and ensure you that this engagement will be given our closest attention.

The History of the Welfare State

The History of the Welfare State In 1942 William Beveridge published his report on Social Insurance and Allied Services. The report instantly became a best seller of all time. The report was based on eliminating poverty and it has subsequently come to be considered as the blueprint of the welfare state. The Beveridge Report was identified as the core of wartime social transformation. It became very significant at a time when unemployment was at an ultimate high, the report was seen by many people the light at the end of the tunnel of war, and as a promise of social justice for the post war world. (Gladstone, 1999. p39) Beveridge was asked to write a detailed report on how to improve the existing national schemes of social insurance and allied services. The report was built on defeating Want. But Want was only one of the five giants on the road to reconstruction. The others were Disease, Ignorance, Squalor and Idleness. His recommendations of the system on social insurance were to rectify the poor conditions of post- war Britain and it was an attack solely upon Want which would remove poverty. This essay will look at what are the main features of The Beveridge Report and why they were significant. It will also examine whether the report realistically attempted to tackle all the so-called five giants which is mentioned in the report. The main feature of the report was based on a scheme of social insurance- that is, a system of insurance in which risks are pooled within the community, so that individuals are able to pay flat-rate contributions sand receive flat-rate benefits regardless of the extent to which they are liable to be in need of those benefits. (Hill, 1990, p28) The plan for social security was to eradicate want but in order for this to be achieved there must be co-operation between the state and the individual. Bevereidge said that the state should offer security for service and contribution; by this the state should consider the need for a national minimum, which should provide individuals with the minimum for himself and his family to live on. However, he stated that this minimum should be given as of right and not means tested, so that individuals can build upon it freely. (Timmins, 2001, p23) Taking social insurance as the base of the report, Beveridge boldly made three assumptions which were to m ake it work; a universal scheme of family allowances, a comprehensive national health service, which was financed by taxation and the maintenance of employment. The first two assumptions were part of the insurance scheme of social security, and was the most expensive prerequisites. The third assumption worked two ways; it maximized the number of contributors and minimized the number of people claiming benefits. Beveridges main investigation into social security was to reform all social services and provide a minimum of subsistence and care for the whole population. He believed that to eradicate poverty a reform of national insurance was vital and this can be achieved by provision of benefits and services. His proposal for social insurance and minimum subsistence was supplemented by private and voluntary means. (Thane, 1996, p232) The universal scheme was split into six groups and it was designed to cover people in actual or potential need. He defined these groups as: employees, self-employed, housewifes, those below and above working age, the sick and disable and others of working age fit to work. (Lowe, 2005, p141) Housewives were particularly a difficult group to cover, and this will be discussed further later. The people who fall into these groups should receive the following benefits: unemployment and sickness benefits, disability benefit which also covered injuries at work, maternity g rants and widow benefits, funeral benefits, family allowances and retirement pensions. However, even though this system of social insurance (which was later changed to national insurance) was there to provide subsistence-levels of adequate benefits, Beveridge knew there might be other circumstances where it would not be enough, and he therefore recommended another system of social assistance.(which was also later changed to national assistance) This scheme would work through means test to provide for people whose needs were not met by national insurance. People who qualify for national assistance, for example are disabled people, deserted or separated wives and men who refused to take on work when it is offered to them. The need for assistance could arise for reasons of sickness which meant they were not able to work and get into the labour market. This could be because a person has abnormal needs of diet or care. Along with Beveridges proposal for national insurance and national assistance, he also proposed family allowances. This proposal came from a post-war issue of child poverty and low wages being paid to people who have large families. He said that family allowances were an essential part of an adequate social security system. The idea of family allowances had already been proposed by other economists such as Keynes. Beveridge insisted on family allowances to be non-contributory and financed through general taxation, for it would be too much for people who have large families and low wages to make contributions. This would cause a great burden on employment. He proposed that 8s should be paid to every dependent child except the first. However, the government was reluctant to pay 8s because it exceeded the limit given by the Treasury, so in 1945 the Family Allowances was introduced at a rate of 5s. Beveridges second major assumption was comprehensive health and rehabilitation service which was to cure disease and help workers get back to work when they are sick, and make them available for work when it is offered. This would also prevent the reasons for unemployment and poverty. This service is to be available for all members of the community and free at the point of consumption. This service was not based on national insurance contributions but funded by taxation. There had already been deliberation before the Beveridge Report was published on making a comprehensive, free medical service, but the Beveridge Report got the government engaged into this more and in 1946 the National Health Service (NHS) was introduced. Before the NHS was introduced, medical services in Britain were not fulfilling the needs of people and the service was very poor. One of Beveridges five giants was Disease and the road to reconstruction was to tackle this post-war crisis, and by making the proposal of introducing the NHS which is free for everyone was an attempt to tackle Disease. His third assumption was maintenance of full employment. Beveridge said that unemployment is a crucial problem which needs to be solved and without change, social improvement was impossible. (Thane, 1996, p239) In his Report he defined the need to avoid mass unemployment by keeping the rate of unemployment at an average of no more than 8 and a half per cent. However, by the end of the Second World War and the mid 1970s the unemployment rate was accomplished and what in fact happened was that the unemployment rate fell below 8 and a half per cent that Beveridge had suggested. (Hill, 1990, p30) In the report he based his assumption that full time employment will be achieved, which in theory would tackle idleness. As mentioned before the report on Social Insurance and Allied Services was particularly aimed at proposing a set of recommendations for setting up a system of social insurance, which will be mainly an attack on the giant Want. However, the other giants were also briefly mentioned in the report, but not to a great extent. After World War Two people had no houses to come back to, and the education system was failing terribly, there was an increase in poverty, unemployment and no adequate health care was available. To fight the five giants he gave a vital kick to start the programmes that he thought could give freedom not only from want, but the others too. The report in practice does not mention education to a great deal or detail apart from his trumpet call for the attack on Ignorance. Nor does he talk about Squalor in detail, which involves providing houses. This is due to the fact that Beveridge struggled over how to handle rents within the social security. (Timmins, 2001, p24) He p roposed a comprehensive national health service which was to tackle Disease, but that is debatable as a free medical care would not only prevent disease but it would reduce poverty which will attack Want, so this linked into his main idea of his report. However, the creation of the NHS would cause problems on economic grounds as it was very expensive to run a free medical service at the point of use. Beveridges attack on Idleness was to provide high levels of full time employment. This attack on the five giants is linked with Want, as not having a job creates poverty, which then means people have to depend upon benefits, and to make the social security system work there needs to be more people in employment and less people claiming benefits. This is why Beveridge described the course of arguing a full employment was a prerequisite of an adequate system of social security. (Brown, 1995, p84) Looking at the five giants that Beveridge said must be attacked in order to change post-war B ritain; he did not mention the other five giants in too much detail as he did with defeating Want. He therefore did not realistically attempt to tackle all the five giants, and lets be honest even Beveridge could not stretch his terms of reference that far. It was hard enough trying to implement his main proposals of social insurance, so if he aimed his report on defeating all the giants then nothing probably would have come of it and it would not have been as successful as it was. We have established that the main features of the Beveridge Report which are a set of recommendations for the setting up of a system of social insurance. The crucial elements of Beveridges proposals were that everyone was included; they were covered from the cradle to grave and benefits would be at a level which enabled a family to live without recourse to other means. The six fundamental principles of the report were: flat rate of subsistence benefits; flat rate of contribution; unification of administrative responsibility; adequacy of benefit; comprehensive; and classification. Based on them, and the proposal of national assistance which operated through means test, the aim the report was to eliminate Want under any circumstances. The Beveridge Report was a successful seller and the main features of the report became significant, as it gave hope to the people of Britain who were suffering from poverty and unemployment at extreme highs. Beveridges proposal of national insurance and national assistance, was adopted almost at its entirety. In 1945 Family Allowance Act was legislated, subsequently in 1946 the National Insurance Act was introduced, shortly following the National Assistant Act in 1948. These legislations were significant in what Beveridge had recommended as the main features of his report. He understood that if his recommendations had been enacted then Britain would have an ideal social security system which will provide adequate relief to the people in need and improve unemployment. However, there are many criticisms of The Beveridge Report and why many of his proposals were later abandoned and changed from what he initially proposed. One of the problems of Beveridges proposals was with women, in particularly married women. Beveridge recommended that all married women should be eligible for a wide range of benefits by the virtue of their husbands contributions. (Lowe, 2005, p141) Most married women were not in paid work at that time, but women who worked could opt to pay lower contributions and in return they will qualify for the full range of benefits, though below the standard rate. The feminists were his major critics, as Beveridges explicit assumption of married women should enter into partnership with their husband and remain economically dependent upon them goes against what the feminists stand for. It also does not fit the present day situation, in which nearly half of all married women are in paid work. (Hill, 1990, p33) However, the main underprivileged groups are the non-working single women and even after efforts being made to meet their needs, nothing came of it. He also did not find a satisfactory sol ution for separated, divorced and widowed women within an insurance scheme. Women were generally not equally represented or rewarded in the labour market and they did not choose to not participate, but they were excluded from any competition with men. So when Beveridge recommended a housewives charter which would allow provide grants upon marriage, free domestic help when ill and a separation allowance, it gave hope to the women. However, this was overlooked by critics, as his proposal was dismissed by the government and became a weakness of his Report. This flaw in the implementation of the report has questioned Beveridges aim to change social provision for housewives as it regarded women as dependants of their husbands and not treated equally to men. Beveridges proposals were very significant in what he had promised would happen if they were implemented by the government, which is relieving poverty. But there were many compromises which had to be made in order to adopt his proposals. Many of Beveridges proposals had been rejected by the Treasury on the grounds that it was excessively expensive; this was a flaw both politically and in practical terms. Due to this there was a very lengthy perusal for his recommendations. Beveridge was not liked by Churchhill very much as he also believed that Beveridges recommendations was far too expensive; it would create doubtful prospects for the post-war economy and form hopes for the people of the country which the post-war government could not satisfy. (Thane, 1996, p235) His susten lacked sufficient resourses to respond to inflation or changes in social need or social demand. (Lowe, 2005, p135) Even though the report gained popularity, it also received widespread criticisms like the pension rates are too low and stronger fear that the government will ignore the report. (Thane 1996, p235)Beveridges proposal that retirement pension should gradually be phased in over a period of 20 years was not implemented. This was because it would make arrangements for people who had not contributed to the retirement scheme previously to qualify for very much more quickly than that. Benefits were generally at lower levels than Beveridge suggested. This can be seen with the family allowances, which he said should start at 8s but the government changed it to 5s. Another weakness of his report which critics argue contradicts his main proposals is the principle of universalism and adequacy. If Beveridges main objective was to eliminate Want then why were those in need not targeted for relief? The universalism scheme essentially means that vast contributions will be collected from and benefits will be distributed to those who do not need help from the state. This would then fail effectively to help those who are genuinely in need because benefits will be too widely distributed. The principle of adequacy and universalism was to eliminate means test and not rely on national assistance benefits, but quite the opposite occurred and it was then inevitable that the cost-conscious government would reject the principle of adequacy. Many of Beveridges proposals were contradic ted when they were implemented, and it destroyed the logic of the report. As did the agreement the government came to when they said that the rate of benefit should only be one which provided a reasonable insurance against want. (Lowe, 2005, p144) This automatically meant that insurance contributions was no longer a guarantee that people will be freed from poverty and that would have to result in applying for means-tested national assistance. Rather than diminishing the use of national assistance as predicted by the report, it became increasingly significant. Beveridges proposals became significant, as the main acts of social insurance were accepted by the government, although after some alteration, they were legislated and brcame the foundation of his report. However, a report which was said to be a blueprint of post-war reform was far from revolutionary or logical. Even though some of his proposals were enacted, they were changed vastly from what Beveridge had proposed to begin with. All this did not come without recourse to other measures, which was seeking national assistance. This subsidiary benefit was supposed to wither away, but in fact the number of claimants increased. Furthermore, many of his proposals were abandoned and did not make Along with the fact that it was impractical, the high cost of social insurance emphasises the failure of Beveridges principle of the unification of administrative responsibility. Beveridge hoped that through the establishment of one responsible ministry, which were the Ministry of Social Security, both government and claimants would become the beneficiaries of a greater co-ordination, simplicity and economy, (Lowe, 2005, p141) but this was far from the case as they did not achieve this and Want was relieved by a wide range of means-tested benefits which were administered by other local governments and the NHS. (Lowe, 2005, p159) Several proposals which Beveridge made were either changed when they were implemented or they were completely abandoned. The reason for this was mainly because as mentioned previously, they were illogical, impractical and very expensive. And his proposals were contradicted when people had to rely on means-tested benefits, which was what he was against and wanted to change. In conclusion,

am i? :: essays research papers

Socrates was a very simple man who did not have many material possessions and spoke in a plain, conversational manner. Socrates often engaged in conversations with people who claimed to be â€Å"experts†. He would question them on issues that, if they were the â€Å"experts† they claimed to be they would have the correct answer in seconds. Socrates often made these â€Å"experts† look quite foolish when he would prove them wrong in front of many other citizens. Plato’s Euthyphro is about one day when Socrates was on his way to the courthouse he ran into Euthyphro (a young Athenian priest). Socrates began a discussion with Euthyphro about the definition of holiness.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When asked about the definition of holiness, Euthyphro give Socrates three definitions and Socrates was able to prove all three of them to be wrong. The first was that holiness was the life that Euthyphro lived. Socrates disputed this definition stating that even though the life that Euthyphro lived was holy, it was not the definition of holiness (if it was the exact definition then only Euthyphro would be holy). Next Euthyphro says that holiness is found in what is dear to the gods. Socrates shoots this definition down because this definition is not distinct, the Greek gods were somewhat humanlike, what was holy to one god might be despised by the next. The third and finally definition Euthyphro offers Socrates is, â€Å"what is holy is loved by the gods†. However Euthyphro can’t answer weather something is holy because it is loved, or loved because it is holy, making this final definition unjust. All of Euthyphro’s definitions are examples o f holiness.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  During Plato’s Apology, Socrates reveals his definition of holiness to a courtroom full of jurors. Socrates explains that holiness is serving the gods by serving other using ones abilities no matter what the consequence: and to know what is right is to do what is right. Socrates definition is just and universal. It does not single anyone out to be more holy then anyone else and allows anyone to be holy.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I feel that Socrates’ definition of holiness is very reasonable because it covers every aspect. am i? :: essays research papers Socrates was a very simple man who did not have many material possessions and spoke in a plain, conversational manner. Socrates often engaged in conversations with people who claimed to be â€Å"experts†. He would question them on issues that, if they were the â€Å"experts† they claimed to be they would have the correct answer in seconds. Socrates often made these â€Å"experts† look quite foolish when he would prove them wrong in front of many other citizens. Plato’s Euthyphro is about one day when Socrates was on his way to the courthouse he ran into Euthyphro (a young Athenian priest). Socrates began a discussion with Euthyphro about the definition of holiness.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When asked about the definition of holiness, Euthyphro give Socrates three definitions and Socrates was able to prove all three of them to be wrong. The first was that holiness was the life that Euthyphro lived. Socrates disputed this definition stating that even though the life that Euthyphro lived was holy, it was not the definition of holiness (if it was the exact definition then only Euthyphro would be holy). Next Euthyphro says that holiness is found in what is dear to the gods. Socrates shoots this definition down because this definition is not distinct, the Greek gods were somewhat humanlike, what was holy to one god might be despised by the next. The third and finally definition Euthyphro offers Socrates is, â€Å"what is holy is loved by the gods†. However Euthyphro can’t answer weather something is holy because it is loved, or loved because it is holy, making this final definition unjust. All of Euthyphro’s definitions are examples o f holiness.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  During Plato’s Apology, Socrates reveals his definition of holiness to a courtroom full of jurors. Socrates explains that holiness is serving the gods by serving other using ones abilities no matter what the consequence: and to know what is right is to do what is right. Socrates definition is just and universal. It does not single anyone out to be more holy then anyone else and allows anyone to be holy.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I feel that Socrates’ definition of holiness is very reasonable because it covers every aspect.

Sigmund Freud: His Life And His Work Essay -- essays research papers

Sigmund Freud was born on May 6th 1856 in Freiberg, Moravia, which is now in Czech Republic. He is the eldest of eight children born to Jacob and Amalie Freud. Because of the anti-semetic riots who were ragging in Freiberg , Freud’s father, who was a wool merchant, lost his business and the whole family had to move to Leipzig (1859) and shortly after to Vienna where Freud spend most of his life. When he lived in Vienna, Freud had, once more, to come accross anti-semetism : jewish people had been persecuted in Europe for hundreds of years and they would often be attacked on the streets or called names. Freud was a very intelligent and hard working student, but when he left school, he was not sure of what he wanted to do. At first, he decided to become a lawyer. Then, he decided to study medicine and to become a doctor, for this reason, he enrolled in the medical school of the University of Vienna (1873) and he often came top of the class. To the eyes of Freud, working hard and wanting to find out about things were the two most important qualities in life. In his 3rd year at the University, he started a reasearch work on the central nervous system in a phisiological laboratory under the direction of Ernst Wilhelm von Brucke. During this period of reasearch, Freud neglected his courses and as a result, he remained in medical school 3 years longer than it was normally required to qualify a physician. He received his medical degree in 1881 . He spend three years working at the General Hospital of Vienna - working successively to psychatry, dermatology and to nervous diseases -. In the year 1885, he is given a government grant enabling him to spent 19 weeks in Paris to work with French neurologist Jean Charcot - director of the mental hospital, The Salpetriere - who tried to understand and treat nervous disorders, and most especially hysteria. Charcot used hypnosis to prove that the real problem of his patients was a mental one. From this demonstration, Freud realised the power that the mind had on the body, and he came back from Paris, determined to make a name for himself in this new field of study. When he came back from Paris, Freud immediately married his sister’s friend Martha Bernays. At first, the other doctors laughed at him and noboby baught his books. He was therefore very poor and in addition, he had a growing family to support. His only friend, Wi... ...pose of having a child with him. At this stage, the mother becomes the object of rivalry and jealousy. For the girls, the castration complex comes first ( in opposition to the boys case ) and then they desire to kill the mother and marry the father and have a baby. If for the boys the castration complex ends the Oedipus complex, and creates the unconscious and the superego, what happens with the girls ? Freud says that the oedipal cathexis in girls may be repressed or abandonned. The result is that women never really create a very strong superego. He is also not quite sure of how women’s unconscious is formed, since they do not have the castration anxiety as the motive to repress their incestuous wishes, some sort of repression might happen but Freud is not entirely clear on how it happens. Freud succeeded in finding clear solutions for many human problems with the help of psychoanalysis : he demonstrated the existence of the unconscious and created a totally new approach to the understanding of a person’s personality. Although he was never accorded full recognition during his lifetime, today, Freud is acknowledged as one of the most important thinkers of the twentieth century.

Nabokov- Good Reader and Writer Essay

A good reader will ask themselves questions as they read along, using sticky notes for that section. This technique allows the readers to come back to the questions and answer them after reader more of the novel or essay. Also, a good reader uses hints the author hides through the passage for the reader to interpret. This lets readers figure out what message the author wants the reader to know. Good readers are active readers which means they use their reading experiences for support by bring knowledge from the world into reading. In addition, they use comprehension strategies to draw conclusions, synthesis and compare and contrast. Further, a good reader knows when to slow down and read faster based on difficulty. When a good reader doesn’t understand a word he/she use context clues to figure out the meaning of it. Lastly, a good reader should have an open mind based on his/her reading. A good writer uses proper punctuation at all times. Grammar and spelling are important as well. Also, a writer should have a lot of knowledge based on what he/she is writing about. This means that the writer should create a plan before writing about. This means that the writer will research ones topic before writing about it. In addition, a good writer should create a plan before writing to have a formal paper. To tell the truth, if a writer doesn’t truly believe in what one is writing about then that’s not a writer at all. A good writer would not care about what others think of ones opinion. Finally, a good writer grabs the reader’s attention from the beginning of the story. Lastly, a good writer writes novels with enough detail to let the reader understand, but not too much so the reader has to interpret the story you are writing about.

Hid Essay

The confusion that confronts Keith Houck as the hired consultant is mainly from and by the mission statement and the attitude of H. I. D. managers. There seems to be progress spearheaded by the H. I. D. President but managers seem and indeed they are so pessimistic apart from the Human Resource Director Karen Setz. The President is very positive and has achieved a lot by meeting the goals of expansion during the five years that he has been in the company. The development during Bill’s time and his immense driving force are good indicators that H. I. D. s far able to formulate its strategic plans and goals. If I were Keith Houck the Consultant, I could have asked very many questions ranging from work ethics to what every individual department has achieved and further question what are the goals of each department. For H. I. D. to formulate its plans and goals it needs an overhaul of its managers except the Human Resource Director Karen Setz who has a vision with a positive mind of expansion. But before the overhaul the President should ask managers who may not feel to meet the set goals to resign. This will be easy for the president to inject new blood (delivering Managers) into the company. If I were Bill Collins the H. I. D. President I could have clearly indicated and or designated roles of each manager and set targets to be reached within a given time frame agreeable by all departmental managers. However, other factors that I could put into play are like teamwork, regular assessment of the progress of set goals and plans. Teamwork is another factor that will enable any management to monitor and motivate the workers. This will ensure among other things no idle time during the usual working ours. There should be an active and enthusiastic team leader who cheers up fellow workers and listens to them during good times and bad times. Team leaders in many organizations have proved to boost efficiency to higher levels notwithstanding sometimes hard times. This is the point where networking of skills is demonstrated fully. Solving arising discrepancies, complaints and problems will done right here in the team. Workers to be involved in everyday changes and participate in the changes they demand (Gratton, Hailey and Truss 1999).